OBJECTIVE:
1. To determine the physical appearance
2. To measure the uniformity of diameter, thickness and hardness of tablets.
3. To determine the tablet friability.
4. To determine the uniformity of weight of tablets and capsules.
5. To discover the content of ibuprofen (assay).
Introduction :
Tablets and capsules are the example of the oral dosage form used. They must follow the pharmacopoeial standards which involve “added substances” that may influence toxicity, interference with analytical method and many more. The standards that exist in the British Pharmacopoeia and United Pharmacopoeia including the uniformity of diameter, weight, content of active ingredient, uniformity of content, disintegration and dissolution. Uniformity of diameter and weight of a tablet or capsule may increase the patient compliance because of the uniform size of appearance. The uniformity of active ingredient and content will make the dosage supplied to the patients is correct and preventing from overdose cases. Uniformity in disintegration and dissolution will make sure that each tablet and capsule will have similar reaction when metabolized in the body. However, there are also non-pharmacopoeial standards that are not included in the British Pharmacopoeia and United Pharmacopoeia, but they still influence the properties of the tablets and capsules. The non-pharmacopoeial standards involve hardness, friability and bioavailability of the tablets and capsules. 5 different experiments are carried out in order to achieve the 5 main objectives.
EXPERIMENT 1: PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
EXPERIMENT 2: UNIFORMITY OF DIAMETER, THICKNESS AND HARDNESS
EXPERIMENT 3 TABLET FRIABILITY
EXPERIMENT 4: UNIFORMITY OF WEIGHT OF TABLETS AND CAPSULES
Experiment 5:Content of ibuprofen (ASSAY)
CONCLUSION:
EXPERIMENT 2: UNIFORMITY OF DIAMETER, THICKNESS AND HARDNESS
EXPERIMENT 3 TABLET FRIABILITY
EXPERIMENT 4: UNIFORMITY OF WEIGHT OF TABLETS AND CAPSULES
Experiment 5:Content of ibuprofen (ASSAY)
CONCLUSION:
The consistency and accuracy of content in a tablet or capsule can be tested by weighing the individual weight of sample tablet or capsule and compare with the average weight of sample tablet or capsule.
The amount of active compound in the tablets must be accurate and consistent in order to have the therapeutic effect on the body. Tests are carried out to determine the amount of active compounds in the tablets before the batch of tablets being dispensed. If the average amount of active compound is not within the range, then the tablets cannot be dispensed.
REFERENCES:
- United States Pharmacopeia, General Chapter. Disintegration (701).
- http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia/TabletFriability_QAS11-414_FINAL_MODIFIED_March2012.pdf
- https://www.academia.edu/4110379/Quality_Controlling_of_Tablets
QUESTIONS:
What are the objective of the tests for uniformity of diameter and uniformity of content?
The objectives of the tests for uniformity of content are to ensure that every dosage form contains equal amount of drug substance. This is to make sure that the therapeutic response can be achieved if the amount of drug substance (active ingredient) is optimum. The objective of this test is also to prevent the patients from overdose if the amount of drug substance (active ingredient) exceed in the capsules or tablets.
The objectives of the tests for uniformity of diameter are to increase the patient compliance by increasing the quality of product appearance. This uniformity also helps to prevent any confusion towards the patient about the dosage of the medications.
State the types of tablets and capsules that must be tested for uniformity of diameter and uniformity of content?
All the uncoated and coated tablets must be tested for uniformity of diameter except for the enteric tablets, film-coated tablets and sugar-coated tablets while all types of tablets involve for uniformity of content tests.
Why is it important that tablets and capsules have uniform weight and content?
Uniform weight and content of the tablets and capsules will ensure that patients take a precise pharmaceutical dose. This uniformity will also reduce the incidence of side effects of certain drugs, reducing medication costs, and making the swallowing of large tablets easier. These two tests also ensure the even distribution of ingredients in the drug because uneven distribution may alter the dose in each individual drug and therefore reach toxic range with the inability to reach the therapeutic range or exceed the therapeutic range.
Give reasons for the non-compliance to test for uniformity of weight.
The reasons for the noncompliance to test for the uniformity of weight are uneven die fill due to poor granulation flow properties, a wide variation in granules particle size which results in a variation in die fill density as a function of particle size distribution at different points in the production run, differences in lower punch length which results in different size die cavities, improper incorporation of glidant, this will reduce flow and lastly tablet machine in mechanically poor condition or dirty which prevent free punch movement. All of the reasons above will cause weight variation and lead to non-compliance to test for uniformity of weight.
Explain why is it beneficial for any tablets or capsules to have distinctive or identifying features.
For the shapes, diameter and thickness it is to determine easiness of the drug to swallow and also to increase absorptions at certain area. Such as example, the flat tablets have greater adherence to the esophagus than capsule-shaped tablets. Patient compliance with medication regimens may be influenced by the size and shape of a tablet or capsule. While for taste and colour is due to enhance drug palatability. The will increase patients acceptance. So each drugs have its own purpose to give an effect to the patient.
What are the objectives of the tests for uniformity of diameter and uniformity of content?
The tests are used to determine the consistency in weight, size, and appearance of tablets in order to increase the patient compliance by increasing the quality of product appearance and also to prevent any confusion towards the patient about the dosage of the medication. Uniformity of content tests are used to determine the uniformity of active ingredients in the tablets or capsules and to ensure that uniform dosage is supplied to the patient. This is to prevent from overdose and underdose cases due to non-uniform amount of active ingredients.
State the types of tablets and capsules that must be tested for uniformity of diameter and uniformity of content.
Uniformity of diameter
|
Uniformity of content
|
Enteric coated tablets
|
Uncoated tablets
|
Film coated tablets
|
Compression coated tablets
|
Sugar coated tablets
|
Give reasons for the non-compliance to the test for uniformity of weight.
The reasons of the noncompliance to the test for the uniformity of weight are due to degeneration ingredient of the drug, uneven feeding of granules into the die due to irregular movement of the lower punch that cause variation in capacity die space and also because of the packing geometry.
No comments:
Post a Comment